DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Introduction
The Nature of Science and Technology
S&T in India: Historical Perspective
Science and Planning
S&T Policies in Independent India
S&T Infrastructure in India
Department of Science and Technology

Why India Lags Behind in Research and Innovation

Chapter Two
Ecology and Environment
Concepts
Human Impact on Ecology and Environment
Pollution
Management of Waste
Biodiversity
Climate Issues
Indian Legislation, Policies and Programmes

Chapter Three
Earth Sciences
Weather Forecasting and Climate Research in India
Seismology Research
Ocean Development
Natural Disasters

Chapter Four
S&T in Agriculture and Rural Development
Basic Resources of Agriculture
Environment-Friendly Agriculture
Sustainable Agriculture
S&T Advancements in Agricultural Produce in India

Genetically Modified Crops:Biosafety and Regulation
Animal Husbandry
Agriculture in Special Areas
Climate-Smart Agriculture
Research, Education, Transfer of Technology in India
S&T and Rural Development in India

Chapter Five
Industry
Major R&D Infrastructure in India

Contribution of CSIR

Intellectual Property Rights
Comments on the National IPR Policy

Chapter Six
Energy
Types of Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Sources and their Development in India

Chapter Seven
Nuclear Science
Radioactivity
Radioisotopes
Nuclear Power
Applications of Nuclear S&T
Safety Issues
Nuclear Weapons
India?s Nuclear Science Programme
Particle Physics

Chapter Eight
Information Technology
Electronics
Computers
The Internet
Computer Security
Telecommunication
India and Info-Tech
Artificial Intelligence
Robots and Robotics
Fibre Optics
Computer- and IT-Related Terms and Products

Chapter Nine
Lasers
Principles and Types
Applications
Basic Science
Industry
Defence
Nuclear Energy
Health and Medical Care
Laser Technology in India

Chapter Ten
Superconductivity
What is Superconductivity
Uses and Applications
Research in India

Chapter Eleven
Nanotechnology
Understanding Nanotechnology
Approaches in Nanotechnology
Applications
Implications and Various Concerns
Nanotechnology in India
Nano Mission

Chapter Twelve
Astronomy and Space Research
Astronomy and its Importance
The Origin and Development of the Universe

Accelerating Expansion of the Universe
The Objects in the Universe
Observing the Universe
Space Exploration
Elements of Space Research and Technology
Major Space Probes
India?s Space Programme
India?s Space Ventures

Space Applications

Milestones in India?s Space Ventures
Space-Industry Partnership in India
Export Promotion
International Cooperation in Space

Space Garbage and Dealing with it

Terms

Chapter Thirteen
Defence Research and Technology
Weapon Innovations of Note
Defence R&D in India

Chapter Fourteen
Health and Medicine

Disease-Causing Agents

Infectious Diseases
Non-Infectious or Degenerative Diseases
Deficiency Diseases
Allergies
Cancer
Recent Life Style Concerns
Health Policies and Programmes in India
Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy

Chapter Fifteen
Genetics and Biotechnology
What is Genetics
Physical Basis of Heredity
Chemical Basis of Heredity
Gene Mapping
Genome Analysis and Human Genetics
What is Biotechnology
Biotechnology Techniques
Genetic Engineering
DNA Fingerprinting
Cloning
Artificial Insemination and Embryo
Stem Cell Technology
Applications of Biotechnology
Biotech Research in India
Patents and Biotechnology
Patents and Biotechnology: Terminology

APPENDICES
1. Some Indian Scientists
2. Select Terminology
3. Recent Developments and Issues
Environment and Earth Science
Agriculture
Information Technology

Astronomy and Space Exploration
Defence Research

Particle Physics
Health and Medicine
Genetics and Biotechnology
Discoveries, Innovations and Products